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1、 Use and maintenance of batteries
Batteries are consumables, and as they are used, the driving range of the entire vehicle will gradually decrease. In general (under temperature conditions of 25 ± 5 ℃, normal road conditions and load capacity), when the driving range of a 36V electric vehicle is less than 15Km or the driving range of a 24V electric vehicle is less than 10Km, the normal service life of the battery has come to an end.
To ensure the normal use of electric bicycles, the battery should be maintained and serviced as follows:
1. Choose a high-quality and matching charger.
2. It is strictly prohibited to use and store without electricity. After each use, regardless of how much power is consumed, the battery should be fully charged in a timely manner whenever possible, which is beneficial for extending the battery life. If the battery is not used for a long time, be sure to store it in a fully charged state and charge it once a month.
3. Develop good habits of foot pedal assisted starting as much as possible to reduce the probability of high-power discharge, which is beneficial for the controller, motor, and battery.
4. Pay attention to checking whether there is excessive temperature on the surface of the battery box and whether the charger indicator light will switch when charging the battery. If it still cannot switch after 12 hours of charging, please inspect the charger and battery to avoid battery expansion or damage caused by overcharging or charger failure.
5. The battery of an electric bicycle should not be exposed to open flames or high temperature heat sources. It is strictly prohibited to directly expose the battery to sunlight or charge it after exposure during high temperature seasons.
6. It is strictly prohibited to open the battery cover without authorization to prevent danger and avoid damage to the vehicle due to leakage.
7. Regularly discharge deeply as much as possible. Perform 1-2 deep discharges per month. Deep discharge refers to riding on a flat road under normal load conditions until the first undervoltage protection is fully discharged, or using a discharge device to fully discharge and then fully charge, which will slightly increase the battery capacity.
2、 Use and maintenance of chargers
1. Do not replace the charger randomly, use the charger correctly according to the instructions.
2. Before charging, confirm whether the charger plug (positive and negative poles) is compatible with the socket of the vehicle battery. It is forbidden to use non-standard and low-quality chargers to charge the battery, in order to avoid unnecessary damage to the battery.
3. When charging, first turn off the power lock on the electric vehicle, insert the charger output plug into the charging socket, and then insert the charger input power plug into the AC220V power socket. After charging is complete, unplug the AC power plug first, and then disconnect the charger and battery to avoid short circuits or contact sparks caused by reverse operation, which may affect safety during use.
4. Due to the heat generated by the charger during the charging process, it is recommended to place the battery in an open and ventilated area for charging. It is strictly prohibited to cover the charger with external objects during charging, otherwise it may damage the charger and battery, and even cause fire accidents; In addition, it is strictly prohibited to immerse the charger in water or rain.
3、 The use and maintenance of the electronic control part
1. When parking an electric vehicle, do not expose it to sunlight or rain for a long time to avoid damage to the internal components of the controller, which may cause operational failure.
2. When using the speed control lever, it is required to rotate it gently without using force. For 1:1 power assisted brushed models, it is best to use the cruise control switch.
3. When riding on rainy days, try to avoid getting switches and electrical connectors wet as much as possible to prevent electric leakage and short circuits.
4. Exposed contacts (including triangular sockets) are live, and it is strictly prohibited to touch both positive and negative poles simultaneously with hands or metal objects.
4、 Use and maintenance of motors
1. Both brushed and brushless motors generate mechanical noise (brushed) or electromagnetic resonance (brushless) during operation, which is a normal phenomenon. But if the brushless motor produces abnormal vibrations and sounds during operation, the power lock should be turned off in a timely manner and maintenance should be carried out.
2. When an electric bicycle moves backwards, it feels like the rear wheels are reversing heavily, which is a normal phenomenon. Whenever there is significant resistance when the electric vehicle is pushed forward, first disconnect the motor power supply (which can eliminate the forward resistance), and then conduct timely maintenance.
3. During normal use, the motor generally does not require special maintenance. Pay attention to checking the status of the fasteners between the motor hub shaft end and the motor end cover. If any screws or nuts are found to be loose, they should be tightened in a timely manner to prevent vehicle malfunctions caused by twisted wires and other reasons, which may affect the safety of use. (High speed motors with brushed gear reduction generally require lubrication with gear oil after more than six months of normal use, except for planetary gear reduction.)
4. When driving on waterlogged roads on rainy days, the depth of water accumulation should not exceed the lower edge of the electric wheel hub to avoid motor failure caused by water seepage.
5、 The use and maintenance of braking and transmission systems
1. Firstly, it is necessary to regularly inspect, wipe, and lubricate the transmission components such as the front axle, central axle, flywheel, and chain of an electric bicycle, just like maintaining a regular bicycle, to prevent them from rusting or biting and affecting normal use. The motor is a maintenance free component for users, and generally does not require self cleaning and lubrication inside. It is only necessary to go to the repair point for maintenance in case of abnormal situations.
2. Secondly, it is necessary to regularly check whether the power-off brake lever of the front and rear brakes is effective, especially the left brake lever of the rear brake. If the power-off fails, it is likely to damage the controller during use.
3. It is also necessary to regularly check the braking performance of the front and rear brakes. When driving on rainy, snowy, or downhill roads, pay attention to increasing the braking distance, slowing down, and braking in advance to prevent accidents.